Basic commands for Ubuntu

BASIC FILE HANDLING

1.      ps -e: displays currently running processes

2.      cd /path/to/dir : changes current directory to dir

3.      cd .. : goes up one directory

4.      dir : lists directory content

5.      ls: lists directory content (slight different than 'dir' as 'ls' differentiate files and directory with colors)

6.      man command: displays manual for the command

7.      cp : copies file or directory

8.      mv: moves file or directory

9.      rm – filename: remove a file

10.  rm -r dirname : removes a directory and all its content

11.  mkdir foldername : make directory

12.  clear: clear the screen

13.  pwd: shows present working directory

14.  ~: home direcotry

SYSTEM

1.      lsb_release -a : get Ubuntu Version (check this)

2.      uname -r: get kernel version

3.      uname -a: get all kernel information

APPLICATIONS

1.      gedit: text-editor

2.      firefox: browser

3.      libreoffice: document editor

FIREWALL

1.      ufw enable: turn on firewall

2.      ufw disable: turn off firewall

3.      ufw default allow: allow all connections by default

4.      ufw default deny : drop all connections by default

5.      ufw status: current status and rules

6.      ufw allow port: allow traffic on port

7.      ufw deny port: block port

8.      ufw deny from ip: block ip address

 

PACKAGE MANAGEMENT

1.      apt-get update : refresh available updates

2.      apt-get upgrade : upgrade all packages

3.      apt-get dist-upgrade : upgrade with packages replacements; upgrade Ubuntu Version

4.      apt-get install <pkg> : install package

5.      apt-get purge <package> : uninstall package

6.      apt-get autoremove : remove obsolete package

7.      apt-get -f install : try to fix broken package

8.      wget http://path-to-file.com : download file from given location

System Services

1.      system <name of service> status

2.      system <name of service> start

3.      system <name of service> stop

4.      system <name of service> restart

5.      system <name of service> runlevel

  Figure: The above figure shows the use of various service commands

PRIVILEGES

1.      sudo : run command as root

2.      sudo -s : open a root shell

FUNNY UBUNTU COMMANDS 

1. fortune : Daily fortune
2. cowsay <message> (install it "apt-get install cowsay")

 sl (apt-get install sl)

xcowsay (apt-get install xcowsay) 

rev <word or sentence> (this will reverse word or sentence)
fortune | cowsay (pipelining 'fortune command' with cowsay)

   yes <messege> (this will keep displaying the messege)

toilet <message>
cmatrix (apt-get install cmatrix)

  oneko

 
espeak ( a speech synthesizer for English (and several other languages) which will convert text to speech.)
 bb (get ready for movie)

 

 

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This article/tutorial is written by Janak Kumar Lal, ICTV DDC Rautahat. For feedback, please comment on the article below.